In an aggressive bid to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, Mayor Eric Garcetti ordered bars to close and forced restaurants to halt dine-in service. Food and nightlife proprietors fear some establishments might not reopen.

The restrictions, announced by Garcetti in a Sunday night video news conference, went into effect at midnight and run through March 31. They also apply to movie theaters, gyms and fitness centers. Grocery stores, pharmacies and food banks will remain open.

Garcetti said the measures were necessary to protect public health but acknowledged the economic consequences they pose for small businesses.

“I encourage all Angelenos to help support these critical small businesses — the restaurants we love in our neighborhoods — by continuing to order from them or getting takeout or delivery,” Garcetti said.

In ordinary circumstances, restaurants are known for high overhead costs and relatively narrow margins. Chefs say an extended shutdown could have far-reaching consequences for the largest private-sector industry in the county, accounting for 355,540 jobs, according to a 2017 L.A. County Economic Development Corp. report.

“It’s a gut punch on a Sunday night,” said Sang Yoon, chef and owner of Lukshon and Father’s Office.

“When this is over, the L.A. restaurant landscape might look dramatically different, so that’s a huge fear,” Yoon said. “The lasting implications after this may not be temporary. Some of these closures might be permanent for a lot of places.”

Josef Centeno, 45, the chef-owner of Baco Mercat, Bar Ama and Orsa & Winston in downtown L.A. and Amacita in Culver City, preemptively transitioned all his restaurants to takeout- and delivery-only on Friday. He worries he won’t be able to sustain his businesses on such orders for long.

“We’ll be completely out of money in like a week and a half,” he said.

He has already cut his managers’ salaries in an attempt to spread the wealth among his staff of 140 and keep his restaurants going as long as possible.

“Everyone is going to be saving their money,” Centeno said. “No one is going to be ordering takeout. I’m mentally preparing to pretty much lose everything.”

The announcement came on the heels of a request Sunday afternoon by Gov. Gavin Newsom urging bars, nightclubs, wineries and breweries in California to shut down operations.

Around 5 p.m. Sunday, the usually bustling Tabula Rasa wine bar in Hollywood was mostly empty, with a handful of patrons finishing up their glasses.

After Newsom’s recommendation, owner Zach Negin, 40, announced last call before an extended closure. Some of the employees behind the bar had tears in their eyes.

“If I knew that in two weeks we’d be open and back to business as usual, yeah, no problem — we can afford to pay our employees. But I don’t know that we’ll be open in two weeks or six weeks,” Negin said.

“We’re not looking to be charities. We are a business and businesses deal with things that are unexpected, and this is an extreme example of that,” he said. “It might put us out of business. It will put lots of people out of business.”

Tabula Rasa manager Nicole Dougherty, 33, said she has a staff of 10 people asking her questions she doesn’t have answers to.

“Mostly I’m feeling a sense of hopelessness and the inability to provide,” she said. “Do we need to throw away all of our food? Just not knowing. We’re a tiny business. Not knowing where our income is going to come from and how we are going to take care of our staff and employees.”

In recent years, restaurants have struck deals with app-based delivery companies such as Grubhub Inc., DoorDash Inc. and Postmates Inc. But quickly shifting to a delivery-only business model isn’t easy — nor is it necessarily profitable.

Chad Colby, chef at Italian restaurant Antico on Beverly Boulevard, said his shop doesn’t have a delivery service set up. He plans to spend Monday talking to the delivery services but is hesitant about the financial feasibility.

“The numbers really don’t make sense; that’s why we haven’t done it in the past,” Colby said.

For now, the restaurant is accepting takeout orders via its phone line. Colby is also considering preparing cook-at-home kits for families of four.

Another major question among restaurateurs is rent.

Garcetti announced the city would put a moratorium on residential evictions, aiming to protect people whose wages will be diminished or lost by coronavirus-related work stoppages. He said he has asked City Atty. Mike Feuer to look into whether Los Angeles can “legally help prevent commercial evictions” as well.

He also announced that the city is putting together a fund that will offer loans for small businesses.

“Landlords, depending on how they react, they may be very understanding and they may make some concessions. Some may not,” Yoon said. “That’s going to be the tough part — even if you go to zero staff, your rent’s still due.”

Times staff writer Dakota Smith contributed to this report.

Gov. Gavin Newsom asked Californians over the age of 65 on Sunday to isolate themselves from others and said that neighborhood bars and pubs should close their doors as the number of confirmed coronavirus cases in the state continued to rise.

But Newsom again stopped short of using the full force of his authority to mandate response measures to protect Californians from the virus that causes COVID-19, a global pandemic that has resulted in six deaths and 335 confirmed cases in the state.

Instead, the governor said his request of bars and pubs is akin to an announcement he made last week asking for the cancellation of gatherings of 250 people or more. The governor is allowing restaurants to remain open and advised customers to practice “deep social distancing” when dining out — in effect, a recommendation to reduce occupancy by half.

The governor’s office said his request for the elderly to remain at home also extended to residents with underlying health issues, such as blood disorders, chronic kidney disease, asthma, chronic liver disease, compromised immune systems, pregnancies in the last two weeks, metabolic disorders, heart disease and other conditions that make them more susceptible to serious illness from the coronavirus.

In all, Newsom’s list of new efforts and recommendations reflected the fast-moving nature of the public health crisis and the complexity of how to respond in protecting some 40 million Californians.

In addition to the requests for older residents to remain isolated and bars to close, the governor announced additional testing options for two Bay Area counties hit hard by the virus. He also called for a tighter limit on visitors to hospitals and assisted living facilities to only those patients in end-of-life situations. He promised more action to help public school students out of school as well as homeless people. And he pledged additional tax dollars to be spent through the state budget process as needed.

“We need to anticipate spread, but we also need to prioritize our focus,” Newsom said.

Newsom defended his lack of action to close restaurants, saying he’s removing the most vulnerable people from those environments and allowing eateries to continue to provide meals.

“We need the capacity to meet the needs of our population. And let me say this, frankly, we need a productive society,” Newsom said in response to questions about why he wasn’t taking more dramatic measures. “I’m not willing to submit that in this moment we can’t have cohorts of society being productive, just in a radically different way.”

Newsom’s new directive came shortly after Govs. Mike DeWine of Ohio, J.B. Pritzker of Illinois and Charlie Baker of Massachusetts on Sunday issued orders requiring all bars and restaurants across their states to close. Restaurants may continue to offer carryout and delivery service in Ohio, which has approximately 36 confirmed cases of COVID-19.

Newsom insisted that the difference in what he has recommended and what’s happening in other states and localities is a “nuance” that will not affect the effectiveness of protecting public health. He expressed confidence that Californians would follow his directives voluntarily.

When asked whether he had been tested himself, the governor said he had not, noting that he believed available test kits should be prioritized for those who need them most.

The governor said the request of older Californians was made in hopes of limiting their exposure to the virus, given that health officials have pointed out higher dangers for those who are older. He said plans are being made to help carry out the sweeping directive.

“We are prioritizing their safety,” Newsom said.

The new guidelines come following other broad efforts announced in recent days to combat the virus in California. Most of those have been taken on the local level, including the decision by dozens of school districts to shut down operations for the next two weeks or longer. On Friday, Newsom issued an executive order assuring those schools of continued funding during closures.

The governor said he would issue additional directives Tuesday to schools that remain open and said he was especially focused on providing support to low-income families. He suggested some local school officials had not fully thought through the consequences when closing their campuses, including how to continue providing meals to students eligible for free or reduced-price lunches and how to ensure that students with special needs receive adequate care and supervision.

“It’s one thing to say you have a plan and it’s another to actually deliver that plan,” Newsom said.

“Superintendents say, ‘Don’t shut me down. Help me with these kids because right now I don’t know how to help that child. I don’t know how to feed that child,’” Newsom said. “We’re going to do this very thoughtfully, deliberately. I prefer to be responsible to the reality, not the perception.”

Newsom noted that roughly 85% of California K-12 students are in school districts that have already announced closures.

The governor estimated that the directive to seniors would affect 5.3 million Californians. That number includes those most at risk simply due to their age, but he said it does not include the millions more who have underlying health conditions that would make them vulnerable.

Newsom also announced that the state’s 108,000 unsheltered homeless people would be prioritized for mitigation policies, with a significant push to move them indoors. Though details remained unclear, he said the state had hotels and motels that could be used to provide shelter, along with an additional 450 state-owned trailers sent to “critical points” to supplement those that were deployed in Los Angeles, Stockton, Sonoma and other places before the outbreak.

Last week, Newsom issued an executive order allowing the state to commandeer some private properties to provide beds for isolation. Newsom said the goal of the newly announced measures aimed at the unsheltered population was to “get people into environments where we can address their growing anxiety and our growing concerns.”

But he did not say that the attempt to bring people indoors would be mandated or require law enforcement intervention. In recent days, the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have also detailed guidelines for homeless shelters and encampments, many of which include increasing sanitation and providing detailed suggestions for handling ill people in shelter settings.

“I am not ratcheting up a mindset of enforcement,” Newsom said.

Still, the governor acknowledged that the outbreak of the virus was a fluid situation that state and local officials would need to continue to monitor as events merit. But he bristled at questions asking whether his administration’s efforts could be taken as too timid.

“We are guided in a very thoughtful way, not by hysteria,” Newsom said.