Pelosi’s endorsement could be a significant boon for Kennedy as the race has tightened in recent weeks, with polls showing he and Markey, who served alongside Pelosi in the House for more than two decades, in a near tie headed into the Sept. 1 contest.

Still, Pelosi’s move shocked many on Capitol Hill and puts her at direct odds with her close ally, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.), whose Senate campaign arm is designed to protect vulnerable incumbents like Markey. The speaker rarely weighs in on Democratic primary contests, particularly in favor of the challenger.

A Pelosi aide said Kennedy did not ask for the endorsement. But Pelosi felt compelled to weigh in on the race given Kennedy’s efforts in 2018, “which was essential to Democrats’ successful efforts winning back the majority,” the aide said.

Pelosi was also concerned after the Markey campaign started ramping up its attacks on the Kennedy name, going after “Joe, his family, his supporters and the Kennedy family policy legacy,” the aide added.

“With all due respect, it’s time to start asking what your country can do for you,” Markey said pointedly at the end of one ad, borrowing from the famous quote from Kennedy’s great uncle, President John F. Kennedy.

Kennedy responded with a speech of his own earlier this week flanked by Black community leaders, defending his family and accusing Markey of hampering efforts to further racial equality during his political career.

“We are, once again, at a moment of profound racial reckoning. And we deserve a senator who will not stand by,” Kennedy said.

Markey and Pelosi have a long-standing relationship after working decades together during his nearly 40-year tenure in the House. Pelosi even appointed Markey to lead a select House committee on climate change in 2007.

But Kennedy has been loyal to Pelosi since coming to the House in 2013, often working behind the scenes to find avenues for new members to participate in caucus leadership rather than moving to push Pelosi out, like some of his fellow classmates. Kennedy was a significant asset for Pelosi in 2018, using his sway within the caucus to build support for Pelosi’s second tenure as speaker at a time when many others were calling for her to step down.

Markey on Thursday tweeted that Pelosi “is an effective leader who has shattered glass ceilings throughout her career,” adding, “any candidate would be proud to have her endorsement. I congratulate Joe Kennedy on securing her support.”

Pelosi donated $5,000 to Kennedy’s campaign through her super PAC earlier this month. She also gave $5,000 to Markey’s campaign last year.

Pelosi’s endorsement infuriated many progressives, who have faced mounting resistance from the Democratic establishment as they’ve launched their own primary challenges against sitting members.

Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.), who has backed a slew of primary challengers against Democrats since her own insurgent campaign in 2018, said Pelosi’s support of Kennedy over Markey went against the party’s longtime policy against backing challengers, which she said “seems like less a policy and more a cherry-picking activity.”

“No one gets to complain about primary challenges again,” Ocasio-Cortez tweeted.

The New York Democrat has been a vocal supporter of Markey — who is the Senate’s lead co-sponsor of her Green New Deal proposal — and has helped to rally her own massive supporter base behind the 74-year-old.

Justice Democrats, which has helped fuel the rise of Ocasio-Cortez and a slew of other progressive challengers, released a blistering statement that accused Pelosi of double standards.

“This move reeks of hypocrisy,” the group wrote in a statement. “The party is setting one standard for progressives and one entirely different standard for the establishment.”

Democratic campaign leaders redoubled efforts in the 2020 election cycle to protect incumbents from threats from the left, attempting to reassure anxious members of the party who watched Ocasio-Cortez topple Joe Crowley, who was considered to be in line to potentially be speaker. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee began implementing policies such as a “blacklist” for outside groups that back primary challengers.

House Democrats have argued that their policies to protect incumbents are enforced in their races alone, and don’t carry over to the Senate.

Several other Democratic incumbents — most notably House Foreign Affairs Chair Eliot Engel (D-N.Y.) — have also been ousted by liberal challengers this year. Earlier this month, longtime Rep. Lacy Clay (D-Mo.) also lost a primary challenge, falling to Cori Bush, a Sen. Bernie Sanders-endorsed candidate.

And his ticket has some built-in support: Howard alumni rallied behind Harris during her 2016 senatorial campaign and 2020 primary run. Biden’s decision to add the California senator and former prosecutor to the Democratic ticket makes Harris not only the first Black woman to be a major party’s vice presidential nominee, but also the first graduate of an historically Black college or university (HBCU). It’s injected a new burst of energy into the HBCU community’s engagement with the presidential race.

“Howard really paved the way for a lot of the HBCUs and the significance of (Harris) being at the top of the ticket just really shows the value of HBCUs and … how transformational this would be for us,” said Charlie Lewis, a 1989 Howard graduate. “We have over 86,000 alums and we’re not all monolithic,” Lewis continued. “We come from all over the diaspora, the African diaspora. That’s unique. And she takes a part of that.”

Howard University President Wayne A.I. Frederick described seeing a Howard alumna on the Democratic ticket as both “humbling” and “exhilarating.” Harris and her team, he said, have demonstrated they are aware of the unique challenges facing the African American community and want to help remedy them, but they can’t do it alone.

“She clearly is going to be a champion and that’s good,” Frederick said. “But we, as a population have to continue to push for more broader reforms, etc. and recognize that it’s going to take all of our elected officials to participate at the federal, state and local levels.”

Members of the Howard network maintain that the unique political and cultural education the university offers set the standard for their success as Black leaders in America. Its most notable alumni include Thurgood Marshall, Elijah Cummings and Stokely Carmichael. Harris’ time at Howard coincided with a pivotal era of Black political activism, from Jesse Jackson’s first presidential run to the international protests against apartheid in South Africa.

However, even as Harris’ fellow Howard graduates recognized the historic importance of her selection, they emphasize that symbolism is not enough. In particular, they hope she and Biden are prepared to reckon with their past records — hers as a local prosecutor, his as the architect of the 1994 Crime Bill — and the way those policies helped pilot harmful systems that have been particularly detrimental to Black communities. It’s perhaps the biggest obstacle to Biden and Harris’ efforts to rally the same voting bloc that has overwhelmingly supported Democrats for decades.

Jade Agudosi, a 2018 Howard graduate, said that while she is excited about Harris’ nomination, she doesn’t subscribe to the mantra that’s it enough to “black faces in high places.”

“There has to be more that’s involved in that,” said Agudosi, who was the president of Howard’s student government association when students occupied the university’s administrative building in 2018. “There’s work that goes along with that.”

After developing a reputation in California as a pragmatist on crime, Harris has shifted her approach to criminal justice in recent years. As a senator, her legislative record has been markedly more progressive than in the past, including sponsoring a number of pieces of criminal justice reform legislation alongside her Democratic and Republican colleagues. In June, she co-authored the Justice in Policing Act, which aims to standardize police force tactics and independently investigate instances of misconduct.

“In my career, the conventional wisdom was that people were either soft on crime or tough on crime. But I knew we should be smart on crime,” Harris said in her commencement address to Howard’s Class of 2017, explaining her work to reduce recidivism rates as a district attorney. Challenging the status quo while making substantive improvements to Black communities were not easy goals, but, she said, she learned the playbook through her Howard education.

Her explanations of her prosecutor past were not enough to win over the coalition of Black, brown and young voters she had hoped to appeal to in the Democratic presidential primary in 2019. Her big bet on South Carolina, the early primary state thought of as a snapshot of Black voter preferences, paid off only marginally. Before suspending her campaign for president last December, Harris hardly broke through the top three choices among Black voters.

Yet, in the face of November’s high stakes, even those who did not support Harris or her past policies are now giving her the benefit of the doubt. That’s echoed in recent polls, which have found her addition to the Biden ticket has the support of a majority of voters across races and ideologies. A flash poll of voters from Morning Consult revealed that 84 percent of all Democrats and 79 percent of Black voters approve of her.

“I’m not trying to square it. She was a prosecutor. And hell, I can think of a bunch of things that I probably disagree with her about. And that’s the same for probably any other elected official around here,” said Ras Baraka, the current mayor of Newark who graduated from Howard in 1994. “I do believe, however, that her idea of America includes us in it. And her idea of what should happen is different than what we’re experiencing now … and whatever issue I have with her, she deserves a pass. For right now.”

Harris’ supporters say she is more than prepared to tackle issues about her record on law enforcement.

“She has never chosen the path of least resistance,” said Kirsten Allen, a Howard alumna who was Harris’ national press secretary during her presidential campaign. “When she would do interviews, especially as we got in the swing of things [during the presidential campaign], she would start off a lot of questions about her prosecutorial record with the statement, ‘I understand why black and brown people have a problem with prosecutors, I totally understand your concern.'”

Since Biden’s VP announcement last week, questions about Harris’ loyalty to the Black community have returned as GOP talking points. Harris supporters say her choice of college answers many of them.

“When you choose to go to Howard after living in Canada and coming from California, you’re making an affirmative decision about Blackness,” said Keneshia Grant, an Associate Professor of Political Science at Howard University. “When you choose to pledge and stay in the sorority, stay active with it after you leave school … and all of these other things, like, she’s making multiple affirmative decisions about Blackness. She’s embracing it.”

Grant, who had been quietly hoping that Biden would choose a Black woman for his vice presidential ticket in recognition of the value that Black voters bring to the Democratic party, said she was surprised by how immediate and vehement the critiques of Harris were.

“People did not even take a moment to celebrate the historic nature of her being named to the ticket,” Grant said. “I understood why people had these feelings about critiquing her but I did not understand why they could not celebrate the progress.”

To some, the unwillingness to recognize the gravity of her accomplishment reveals a more insidious trend among her detractors, who have pointed to specific career decisions to make sweeping calculations about how deserving of the Black vote she might be.

“The reality is, we made this mistake in the Black community in 2016,” said Ravi Perry, chair of the political science department at Howard. “I think if we allow ourselves to forward these narratives, this time around again we’re only shooting ourselves in the foot, whether it’s Hillary Clinton and ‘super predators’ or the crime bill or Anita Hill, or Kamala Harris’ prosecutorial record.”

In the absence of in-person campaign events and as college courses largely take place online, any campaign’s engagement with students will be limited in the lead up to November. HBCUs for Biden remains active and has hosted events for the campaign in the wake of the announcement of Harris’ vice presidential selection. However, HBCU grads, in particular, remain an untapped resource for campaigning and fundraising.

Kamau Marshall, the Biden campaign’s director of strategic communications, said in a statement that Biden and Harris recognize “the significant role that Black colleges and universities play in our society” and that, “America can expect that the Biden Harris administration is committed to ensuring a more equitable, sustainable, and prosperous future for these storied institutions.” He said the campaign has plans to continue to expand the reach of HBCUs for Biden by leaning into Harris’ connections to the HBCU community as an alumna.

While Biden’s polling with Black voters tops 90 percent, making sure their enthusiasm translates to electoral support in November is crucial. With a Black woman and HBCU grad on the ticket, Democrats have a chance to close enthusiasm gaps that cost Hillary Clinton the White House in 2016.

“HBCUs are a touch point in African American society. They mean a lot to all of us,” said Lodriguez Murray, Senior Vice President of Public Policy and Government Affairs for the United Negro College Fund. “The good education, the wraparound services, the economic empowerment — that creates loyalty in that community and galvanizing that loyalty for any candidate would be a game changer.”