Under a bankruptcy plan filed late Monday night, Purdue Pharma would pay roughly $500 million in cash up front to settle hundreds of thousands of injury claims linked to the company’s role in the deadly opioid epidemic.

The company said additional payments would be spread over the next decade, including installments on roughly $4.2 billion promised by members of the Sackler family who own the firm.

No fixed schedule was provided for when most of those disbursements would occur, though Purdue Pharma predicted as much as $1 billion in additional payouts would happen by 2024.

Two dozen state attorneys general immediately rejected the plan.

They issued a joint statement describing Purdue as a “criminal enterprise” and demanded more money up front to help communities affected by opioid addiction to pay for treatment and public health services.

“What the Sacklers are offering is a way for the payments to be structured that makes it convenient for them,” said Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey.

“This plan does not go as far as it needs to,” said North Carolina Attorney General Josh Stein, who told NPR a final deal must include “more money from the Sacklers.”

Sacklers boost their offer

Under the proposed reorganization plan, which still needs approval from a federal bankruptcy court in White Plains N.Y., the Sacklers would give up ownership of Purdue Pharma’s domestic operations.

They would admit no wrongdoing and would retain control of their overseas subsidiaries for at least the next seven years.

Critics say the Sacklers would remain one of the wealthiest dynasties in the U.S., despite their company’s role fueling an addiction crisis that has killed more than 450,000 Americans.

“That’s the most disturbing, the idea that they’ll walk away with impunity,” said Nan Goldin, an activist campaigning to remove the Sackler name from museums around the globe. “To me this is the one percent twisting justice.”

The privately owned firm has now admitted twice to illegally marketing opioid medications in separate plea deals with the Justice Department, once in 2007 and again last year.

As part of those agreements, Purdue Pharma acknowledged lying to doctors and patients about the safety of its flagship product, OxyContin, which became one of the most widely abused prescription narcotics in the United States.

Sales of the highly addictive opioid also made the Sacklers fabulously rich, generating tens of billions of dollars in revenue beginning in the late 1990s.

Speaking during a congressional hearing in December, former board member Dr. Kathe Sackler expressed regret over Purdue’s involvement in the opioid crisis, but she said she personally did nothing wrong.

“There is nothing that I can find that I would have done differently based on what I believed and understood then,” she said.

The $4.2 billion of personal money offered by members of the Sackler family was more than a billion dollars more than than they offered last year.

In October, the family paid $225 million in damages as part last year’s settlement with the DOJ, while admitting no wrongdoing.

A new company that promises to “address the crisis”

If approved, the bankruptcy plan envisions Purdue Pharma being reborn as a new company independent of the Sacklers.

The as-yet-unnamed company would continue selling a variety of medications, including OxyContin. Future profits would be channeled into a variety of trusts, which would own the company indirectly.

Speaking on background, company officials said financial aid will flow to individuals, organizations and communities harmed by the opioid epidemic.

The new firm would also commit to producing medications, including buprenorphine and naloxone, which alleviate opioid addiction and help people recover from overdoses.

Purdue said those drugs would be distributed to communities at low cost.

“With drug overdoses still at record levels, it is past time to put Purdue’s assets to work addressing the crisis,” said Purdue Pharma president Steve Miller in a statement. “We are confident this plan achieves that critical goal.

Company officials also predicted if the bankruptcy plan unravels, Purdue Pharma’s assets could be tangled up for years in costly litigation.

But many state attorneys general described this plan as overly complicated, arguing it would “excessively entangle” governments and other creditors with the operations of a private firm.

Massachusetts Attorney General Healey said she preferred to see Purdue Pharma “wound down and its operations cease.”

Critics also noted much of the settlement, which Purdue Pharma valued at roughly $10 billion, would come in the form of low-cost medications, instead of cash, which many communities would prefer.

“Right now, millions of people across the country are desperately suffering from opioid addiction. They need help and they need it now,” read the joint statement issued by nearly half of the country’s state attorneys general.

Experts interviewed by NPR said the plan, developed through months of negotiations, is likely to serve as the framework for the final dissolution of Purdue Pharma.

Details will almost certainly change before the reorganization wins final approval from Judge Robert Drain.

In an official disclosure statement filed with the court, meanwhile, Purdue Pharma acknowledged it would never be able to satisfy all the opioid claims it faces.

More than 614,000 separate claims were filed against the company as part of these bankruptcy proceedings.

This comes at a moment of reckoning for numerous American corporations that made, sold and distributed opioids even as overdose deaths surged.

AmerisourceBergen, Cardinal Health, Johnson & Johnson and McKesson have tentatively agreed to a settlement with local and state governments worth $26 billion.

The consulting giant McKinsey settled opioid claims last month, agreeing to pay $573 million for its role supporting Purdue Pharma’s opioid sales.

Walmart, meanwhile, is entangled in a legal fight of its own with the Justice Department, which filed a suit against the retail giant in late December over alleged “unlawful” opioid sales practices at its pharmacies.

Deb Haaland, a member of New Mexico’s Laguna Pueblo, has become the first Native American Cabinet secretary in U.S. history.

The Senate voted 51-40 Monday to confirm the Democratic congresswoman to lead the Interior Department, an agency that will play a crucial role in the Biden administration’s ambitious efforts to combat climate change and conserve nature.

Her confirmation is as symbolic as it is historic. For much of its history, the Interior Department was used as a tool of oppression against America’s Indigenous peoples. In addition to managing the country’s public lands, endangered species and natural resources, the department is also responsible for the government-to-government relations between the U.S. and Native American tribes.

“Indian country has shouted from the valleys, from the mountaintops, that it’s time. It’s overdue,” Sandia Pueblo tribal member Stephine Poston told NPR after Haaland was nominated.

It’s not the first time Haaland has made history. In 2018, she became one of the first two Native American women elected to Congress. Her nomination by President Biden to lead the Interior Department was celebrated by tribal groups, environmental organizations and lawmakers who called the action long overdue. But her nomination faced opposition from Republican lawmakers and industry groups that portrayed Haaland’s stance on various environmental issues as extreme.

“I’m deeply concerned with the congresswoman’s support on several radical issues that will hurt Montana, our way of life, our jobs and rural America,” said Republican Sen. Steve Daines of Montana, who worked to block Haaland’s confirmation.

As a congresswoman, Haaland was a frequent critic of the Trump administration’s deregulatory agenda and supported limits on fossil fuel development on public lands. She opposes hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. She was also one of the first lawmakers to support the Green New Deal, which calls for drastic action to address climate change and economic inequality.

Republican lawmakers grilled her over those stances during her confirmation hearing in an effort to portray her as a radical choice to manage the nation’s public lands, but Haaland struck a moderate tone, repeatedly saying that as interior secretary she would aim to accomplish Biden’s environmental goals — not her own.

Biden has not supported the Green New Deal or bans on fracking, and he has taken a more balanced approach to fossil fuel development on public lands. He put a temporary pause on new oil and gas leases on federal lands while his administration reviews the broader federal leasing program.

“There’s no question that fossil energy does and will continue to play a major role in America for years to come,” Haaland said during her confirmation hearing, before adding that climate change must be addressed.

Haaland has called the climate crisis the “challenge of our lifetime,” and as interior secretary, she’ll play a key role in the Biden administration’s efforts to address it. Biden has pledged to make America carbon neutral by 2050, an effort that would require massive changes to the industrial, transportation and electricity sectors.

The Interior Department manages roughly one-fifth of all land in the U.S., as well as offshore holdings. The extraction and use of fossil fuels from those public lands account for about one-quarter of the country’s greenhouse gas emissions.

“The department has a role in harnessing the clean energy potential of our public lands to create jobs and new economic opportunities,” Haaland said during her confirmation hearing. “The president’s agenda demonstrates that America’s public lands can and should be engines for clean energy production.”

Deb Haaland, a member of New Mexico’s Laguna Pueblo, has become the first Native American cabinet secretary in U.S. history.

The Senate voted 51-40 Monday to confirm the Democratic Congresswoman to lead the Interior Department, an agency that will play a crucial role in the Biden administration’s ambitious efforts to combat climate change and conserve nature.

Her confirmation is as symbolic as it is historic. For much of its history, the Department of the Interior has been used as a tool of oppression against America’s indigenous peoples. In addition to managing the country’s public lands, endangered species and natural resources, the agency is also responsible for the government-to-government relations between the U.S. and Native American tribes.

“Indian Country has shouted from the valleys, from the mountaintops that it’s time. It’s overdue,” Pueblo tribal member Stephine Poston told NPR after Haaland was nominated.

It’s not the first time Haaland has made history. In 2018, she became one of the first two Native American women elected to Congress. Her nomination by President Joe Biden to lead Interior was celebrated by tribal groups, environmental organizations and lawmakers who called the action long overdue. But it faced opposition from Republican lawmakers and industry groups who portrayed Haaland’s stance on various environmental issues as extreme.

“I’m deeply concerned with the Congresswoman’s support on several radical issues that will hurt Montana, our way of life, our jobs and rural America,” said Republican Sen. Steve Daines of Montana, who worked to block Haaland’s confirmation.

As a Congresswoman, Haaland was a frequent critic of the Trump administration’s deregulatory agenda and supported limits to fossil fuel development on public lands. She opposes hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. She was also one of the first lawmakers to support the Green New Deal, which calls for drastic action to address climate change and economic inequality.

Republican lawmakers grilled her over those stances during her confirmation hearing in an effort to portray her as a radical choice to manage the nation’s public lands, but Haaland struck a moderate tone, repeatedly saying that as Interior Secretary she would aim to accomplish Biden’s environmental goals — not her own.

Biden has not supported the Green New Deal or bans on fracking, and has taken a more balanced approach to fossil fuel development on public lands. He put a temporary pause on new oil and gas leases on federal lands while his administration reviews the broader federal leasing program.

“There’s no question that fossil energy does and will continue to play a major role in America for years to come,” Haaland said during her confirmation hearing, before adding that climate change must be addressed.

Haaland has called the climate crisis the “challenge of our lifetime,” and as Interior Secretary she’ll play a key role in the Biden administration’s efforts to address it. Biden has pledged to make America carbon neutral by 2050, an effort that would require massive changes to the industrial, transportation and electrical sectors.

The Interior Department manages roughly one-fifth of all the land in the U.S., as well as offshore holdings. The extraction and use of fossil fuels from those public lands accounts for about one-quarter of the country’s total greenhouse gas emissions.

“The Department has a role in harnessing the clean energy potential of our public lands to create jobs and new economic opportunities,” Haaland said during her confirmation hearing. “The president’s agenda demonstrates that America’s public lands can and should be engines for clean energy production.”