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“He can’t continue as if nothing’s happened,” Ms. Le Pen said on French television. “The French have chosen us as the alternative. He won’t pacify the country unless he draws the consequences.”

She called on Mr. Macron to dissolve the National Assembly — he has refused — and institute proportional representation, which she insisted would more accurately reflect her party’s hold on the electorate. It currently has only seven representatives.

Mr. Macron has promised to institute a “dose” of proportional representation, but not enough to satisfy Ms. Le Pen.

“We’ve always called for a peaceful revolution,” she said.

“The face-off between nationalists and globalists is now in place, in durable fashion,” Ms. Le Pen said in a speech to supporters. “And this will condition the future choice in elections.”

If one thing was clear from Sunday’s result, it was that Ms. Le Pen’s forces have come back, perhaps stronger than ever, and are in a competitive position for France’s next presidential election, in 2022.

“What one saw in these Europeans, we’re in the face of a party that could win,” said Dominique Reynié, a political scientist who directs the Foundation for Political Innovation.

“The hatred of him is irrational in its intensity,” he said of Mr. Macron. “The next period is not going to be a cakewalk. We could have a very weakened president, with no moderate opposition.”