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The opinions of this subset hew closely to Mr. Trump’s positions on immigration, for instance. Both groups, which make up more than a third of the party, are more likely than other Republicans to back Trump administration policies like the separation of migrant families apprehended at the border. And they largely shrug when asked whether they wished he behaved more like a typical president.

When asked whether they believed that immigrants were “invading the country” and replacing its ethnic and cultural background, 78 percent of Republicans who rely on Fox News said yes, compared with 52 percent of Republicans who do not consider the network their main news source.

Among the Republicans who said they wished Mr. Trump’s behavior were more consistent with that of other presidents, only 29 percent were regular Fox News viewers, compared with 60 percent who were not.

“That’s pretty remarkable,” Mr. Jones said, “when you have this one variable that can cause a 10-, 20-, 30-point gap.”

And when the survey asked whether Mr. Trump’s conduct made them more likely or less likely to support him, white evangelicals were the largest bloc of people who said his actions made no difference at all, at 47 percent. A clear majority of Republicans who support the president and watch Fox News, 55 percent, responded that there was virtually nothing he could do to make them stop supporting him.

Though many of the survey’s most striking findings were on the polarization within the Republican Party, there were other signs that the rest of the country was just as divided.

Eighty-two percent of Republicans, for example, believe the Democratic Party has been taken over by socialists. And almost the same percentage of Democrats, 80 percent, said the Republican Party had been taken over by racists.