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Europe is also split about Mr. Trump, where the less liberal states of Central Europe, in particular Poland and Hungary, have been strong supporters of Mr. Trump’s politics, and not just grateful for American troops.

The prime minister of Slovenia, Janez Jansa, who is close to Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary, even posted an early and now much-derided tweet congratulating Mr. Trump on his re-election.

For NATO allies, there will be no need to hide decisions or to pre-agree communiqués as they did with Mr. Trump, sometimes with the connivance of American officials. Mr. Biden will not threaten to leave NATO, as Mr. Trump did, nor think of it as a club with dues. And Mr. Biden has expressed no special affinity with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia or President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey.

But Mr. Biden has a history, post Iraq, of caution in the use of the American military — he opposed the surge in Afghanistan and the intervention in Libya, for example. So while he is likely to renew the New Start nuclear arms treaty with Moscow, he may not think that reducing the number of U.S. troops in Germany is such a bad idea.

And there are suggestions from NATO diplomats that the alliance’s secretary general, Jens Stoltenberg, who has been so skillful at dealing with Mr. Trump that his tenure was extended, may be replaced before too long.

There is also some anxiety in the British government about a Biden presidency, given Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s support of Brexit and close relationship to Mr. Trump.