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The official Sputnik V Twitter account pushed back on Monday in Portuguese, saying that the vaccine’s developers had shared “all the necessary information and documentation” with Anvisa. In another tweet, it said Anvisa’s decision “was of a political nature” and had “nothing to do with access to information or science.” It alleged that the United States had persuaded Brazil to deny approval.

Anvisa officials were under immense pressure to deliver a decision on Sputnik V: Brazilian states had contracts to buy almost 30 million doses. The Supreme Court ordered Anvisa to make a decision.

“The days of yes to the vaccine and to treatments are celebrated,” Alex Machado, an Anvisa director, said. “There will inevitably be days of no.” He added that Anvisa’s reason for existence was “to protect the health of the population.”

Gov. Camilo Santana of Ceará, one of the states that had a Sputnik V contract, said on Twitter that he respected Anvisa’s decision but found it strange, given that the Sputnik V had been used in several countries. “I will keep fighting for this authorization, in a safe manner, following all the rules,” he said, adding that the federal government had been slow in distributing vaccines.

Russia is using Sputnik V in its mass vaccination campaign, and it has been approved for emergency use in dozens of countries. It has been entangled in politics and propaganda, with President Vladimir V. Putin announcing its approval even before late-stage trials began.