President Donald Trump has officially recognised Israeli sovereignty over the occupied Golan Heights, seized from Syria in 1967, in a move hailed as “historic” by Israel’s prime minister.
Benjamin Netanyahu, who faces an election next month, was by Mr Trump’s side as he signed the proclamation.
Syria said Mr Trump’s decision was “a blatant attack on its sovereignty”.
Israel annexed the Golan Heights in 1981, in a move that is not recognised internationally.
A spokesman for United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said on Monday he was “clear that the status of Golan has not changed”.
For decades, Washington took the same line as the UN, but last week Mr Trump announced his plan to overturn decades of US policy in a tweet.
In response, Syria has vowed to recover the area “through all available means”.
But Mr Netanyahu told reporters gathered in Washington on Monday that Israel “shall never give it up”.
“Your proclamation comes at a time when Golan is more important than ever for our security,” he said, citing threats from Iranian forces in Syria.
It is, he added, “a two-fold act of historic justice”.
“Israel won the Golan Heights in a just war of self-defence and the Jewish people’s roots in the Golan go back thousands of years,” Mr Netanyahu said.
However, there is little sign any other countries will be following in US footsteps, which a Syrian foreign ministry source described as a “humiliating blow to the international community”, according to the state-run news agency Sana.
Russia – which has been providing military support to President Bashar al-Assad in the Syrian conflict – warned the decree “could drive a new wave of tensions in the Middle East region”.
Meanwhile, Turkey – which has been supporting the Syrian opposition – said it was “impossible” to accept the US decree, adding it planned to take action against it at the UN.
What are the Golan Heights?
The region is located about 60km (40 miles) south-west of the Syrian capital, Damascus, and covers about 1,200 sq km (400 sq miles).
Israel seized most of the Golan Heights from Syria in the closing stages of the 1967 Middle East war, and thwarted a Syrian attempt to retake the region during the 1973 war.
The two countries agreed a disengagement plan the following year that involved the creation of a 70km-long (44-mile) demilitarised zone patrolled by a United Nations observer force. But they remained technically in a state of war.
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Syria will not agree a peace deal with Israel unless it withdraws from the whole of the Golan
In 1981, Israel’s parliament passed legislation applying Israeli “law, jurisdiction, and administration” to the Golan, in effect annexing the territory. But the international community did not recognise the move and maintained that the Golan was occupied Syrian territory. UN Security Council Resolution 497 declared the Israeli decision “null and void and without international legal effect”.
Three years ago, when former President Barack Obama was in office, the US voted in favour of a Security Council statement expressing deep concern that Mr Netanyahu had declared Israel would never relinquish the Golan.
Syria has always insisted that it will not agree a peace deal with Israel unless it withdraws from the whole of the Golan. The last US-brokered direct peace talks broke down in 2000, while Turkey mediated in indirect talks in 2008.
There are more than 30 Israeli settlements in the Golan, which are home to an estimated 20,000 people. The settlements are considered illegal under international law, although Israel disputes this. The settlers live alongside some 20,000 Syrians, most of them Druze Arabs, who did not flee when the Golan was captured.
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