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Mr. Sanders, of Vermont, would create an annual tax that would apply to households with a net worth above $32 million — about 180,000 households in total, or about the top 0.1 percent, according to the economists who worked on the plan.

He would create a 1 percent tax on net worth above $32 million, with increasing marginal rates topping out at 8 percent on net worth over $10 billion. For single filers, the brackets would be halved, meaning the tax would kick in at $16 million.

By contrast, the wealth tax proposed by Ms. Warren, of Massachusetts, would apply to households with a net worth above $50 million — an estimated 70,000 households in total.

The structure of her plan is simpler: She would apply a 2 percent tax on net worth from $50 million to $1 billion, and a 3 percent tax on net worth above $1 billion. Unlike the Sanders plan, the tax brackets would be the same for married and single filers.

Bernie Sanders’s wealth tax proposal

• $32 million to $50 million net worth: 1 percent marginal tax rate

• $50 million to $250 million: 2 percent

• $250 million to $500 million: 3 percent

• $500 million to $1 billion: 4 percent

• $1 billion to $2.5 billion: 5 percent

• $2.5 billion to $5 billion: 6 percent

• $5 billion to $10 billion: 7 percent

• Over $10 billion: 8 percent

Elizabeth Warren’s wealth tax proposal

• $50 million to $1 billion: 2 percent

• Over $1 billion: 3 percent

Note: The brackets shown for the Sanders proposal are for married filers; the brackets would be halved for single filers. The Warren proposal uses the same brackets for married and single filers.