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Ownership of the bookstore led to community organizing work, which led Ms. Haines to Georgetown University Law Center, where she discovered international legal work.

While she is a former C.I.A. deputy director, Ms. Haines does not have a long career of working directly for intelligence agencies. Still, she has deep experience overseeing covert programs, leading White House Situation Room discussions of national security problems and translating intelligence issues for political leaders in the White House.

Ms. Haines had been selected to return to the State Department, chosen for the legal adviser’s job, when Mr. Brennan made her his deputy after he was confirmed to lead the C.I.A. in 2013. Mr. Brennan, a career C.I.A. officer, said he wanted an outsider to help him.

“She is not an ideologue by any means,” he said. “She is probably going to be criticized by people at different ends of the spectrum, but she has a very practical and pragmatic view.”

Some human rights organizations expressed worries that Mr. Biden’s choice of Ms. Haines signaled a return to the Obama administration’s national security policies rather than exploring more liberal alternatives. Progressive groups long argued that the Obama administration’s counterterrorism programs amounted to extrajudicial killings and were illegal under international law.

“My concerns about her are more my concerns about the Obama administration,” said Andrea J. Prasow, the deputy Washington director of Human Rights Watch. “With these cabinet picks, we are returning to the previous administration instead of making bold and forward-leaning picks.”

In her Senate confirmation, Ms. Haines is likely to face questions about the drone program and how under her watch the C.I.A. worked with lawmakers investigating the agency’s interrogation program. At the time, senators accused the C.I.A. of breaking into computers they were using to conduct their oversight, setting off a bitter feud between lawmakers and the agency.