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News of the decision broke on Wednesday; it is expected to face legal challenges.

When the C.D.C. explained in August why it was extending the order, Covid-19 cases were averaging more than 60,000 a day, the highly transmissible Delta variant was causing more hospitalizations, and the number of deaths caused by the virus was increasing.

Now, case numbers have fallen sharply in most of the United States, and the C.D.C. has loosened many restrictions. The average number of cases on Thursday was less than 28,000 a day. An Omicron subvariant, BA.2, could cause another surge in the United States in the coming months, though it does not appear to be causing widespread severe illness in Europe, where caseloads are higher.

The White House and Department of Homeland Security have deflected questions about the policy in recent months to the C.D.C., which said little about its rationale for extending the order.

But unlike with other public health measures put in place during the pandemic, the C.D.C. never publicly disclosed scientific data that showed that undocumented migrants crossing the border were a major vector for the coronavirus.

“It’s far from clear that the C.D.C.’s order serves any purpose,” a panel of judges on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit wrote in a ruling in March on a case about the public health rule.

Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the nation’s top infectious disease expert, has said immigrants were not a driving force in the spread of the coronavirus in the United States.

“Focusing on immigrants, expelling them or what have you, is not the solution to an outbreak,” he said on CNN in October.