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The governor’s orders would close bars but allow restaurants to stay open as long as they practiced “deep social distancing.” Occupancy limits would be cut in half, he said, and tables would be required to be six feet apart.

While seniors would be strongly encouraged to stay at home, younger people should have the option to circulate, he said.

“If you’re young and healthy,” Mr. Newsom said, “you’ll work through this quite well.”

But he cautioned against mixing between those younger people and those who are more vulnerable.

All the measures announced Sunday were officially categorized as guidelines, but the governor said he had the authority to make them mandatory if they were not adequately implemented.

“I have all the expectation in the world that the guidelines will be followed,” he said.

The governor said 13 task forces were working on ways to provide water, food and fuel, if necessary, to seniors at home.

As the virus has spread across California — the state had around 380 cases as of Sunday — Mr. Newsom has favored a decentralized approach to fighting it. Measures that might be appropriate in Silicon Valley, one of the hardest hit areas, may not be appropriate for rural or agricultural counties, he said.

School districts across the state have made their own decisions as to whether to close and for how long.