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The European Parliament has backed controversial copyright laws critics say could change the nature of the net.

The new rules include holding technology companies responsible for material posted without proper copyright permission.

Many musicians and creators say the new rules will compensate artists fairly – but others say they will destroy user-generated content.

The Copyright Directive was backed by 348 MEPs, with 278 against.

The laws on copyright were last amended in 2001.

It has taken several revisions for the current legislation to reach its final form.

It is now up to member states to approve the decision. If they do, they will have two years to implement it once it is officially published.

The two clauses causing the most controversy are known as Article 11 and Article 13.

Article 11 states that search engines and news aggregate platforms should pay to use links from news websites.

Article 13 holds larger technology companies responsible for material posted without a copyright licence.

It means they would need to apply filters to content before it is uploaded.

• What is the controversial Article 13?

Article 13 does not include cloud storage services and there are already existing exemptions, including parody.

The European Parliament said that memes – short video clips that go viral – would be “specifically excluded” from the Directive, although it was unclear how tech firms would be able to enforce that rule with a blanket filter.

‘Step forward’ or ‘massive blow’?

Robert Ashcroft, chief executive of PRS for Music, which collects royalties for music artists, welcomed the directive as “a massive step forward” for consumers and creatives.

“It’s about making sure that ordinary people can upload videos and music to platforms like YouTube without being held liable for copyright – that responsibility will henceforth be transferred to the platforms,” he said.

However the campaign group Open Knowledge International described it as “a massive blow” for the internet.

“We now risk the creation of a more closed society at the very time we should be using digital advances to build a more open world where knowledge creates power for the many, not the few,” said chief executive Catherine Stihler.

‘Noble aims’

Google said that while the latest version of the directive was improved, there remained “legal uncertainty”.

“The details matter and we look forward to working with policy-makers, publishers, creators and rights holders, as EU member states move to implement these new rules,” it said.

Kathy Berry, senior lawyer at Linklaters, said more detail was required about how Article 13 would be enforced.

“While Article 13 may have noble aims, in its current form it functions as little more than a set of ideals, with very little guidance on exactly which service providers will be caught by it or what steps will be sufficient to comply,” she said.

European Parliament Rapporteur Axel Voss said the legislation was designed to protect people’s livelihoods.

“This directive is an important step towards correcting a situation which has allowed a few companies to earn huge sums of money without properly remunerating the thousands of creatives and journalists whose work they depend on,” he said.

“It helps make the internet ready for the future, a space which benefits everyone, not only a powerful few.”