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The United States and China have largely been at a standoff since negotiations broke down last month. The countries were unable to find a compromise on Mr. Trump’s tariffs, with the United States arguing for keeping many of them and Beijing insisting that they must come off as part of any trade deal.

The United States wants China to accelerate the opening of its market, improve protections for intellectual property and commit to big purchases of American products.

But talks faltered at the beginning of May when China made significant alterations to the text of the agreement. The Trump administration had been pushing for any changes to be codified in Chinese law, but Beijing backtracked and refused to make any legal changes as part of the deal, American officials said.

Since then, the two sides have only hardened their positions. China threatened to compile a blacklist of foreign companies and individuals that it considered “unreliable” and published a white paper last weekend arguing that the country would “never give in on major issues of principle.”

The Trump administration also answered harshly. In a statement on June 3, the United States Trade Representative and the Treasury Department accused China of pursuing “a blame game misrepresenting the nature and history of trade negotiations between the two countries.”

“Our negotiating positions have been consistent throughout these talks, and China backpedaled on important elements of what the parties had agreed to,” the American statement said.

Meanwhile, the Trump administration has been moving ahead with plans to impose 25 percent tariffs on the remaining roughly $300 billion of goods from China, and companies are becoming more concerned about the rapid increase in prices on a range of goods, including furniture, toys, mobile phones and sneakers. On June 17, a hearing is to be held in Washington to allow companies to weigh in on the impact of the tariffs.